Hostage diplomacyâdetaining foreign nationals for leverage under the pretext of national lawâis a growing international security problem. Beyond constituting a violation of international law, hostage diplomacy is challenging to resolve. Target states must deal with aggressive, sovereign perpetrators; handle a fraudulent but plausible legal process; account for numerous stakeholders; and protect their citizens from future harm. How do targetâstate negotiators navigate these challenges? This theoryâbuilding article explores perspectiveâtakingâimagining the world from another's vantage pointâas a tool to shape targetâstate negotiators' effectiveness in navigating hostage diplomacy. We introduce a model that conceptualizes perspectiveâtaking on two dimensions. First, negotiators can use multipleâperspective taking , considering various stakeholders, including interests within their own government, the perpetrator's government, and the hostage's family. Second, across stakeholders, negotiators can take strategic , cultural , emotional , and moral perspectives. We posit that engaging in different forms of perspectiveâtaking improves targetâstate negotiators' ability to identify a domestic winâset, reach international agreement, and anticipate future crises. Drawing on insights from members of the U.S. hostageârecovery enterprise, we offer a plausibility probe suggesting that perspectiveâtaking affects the process and outcomes of negotiations. Perspectiveâtaking may thus help negotiators better manage power dynamics, navigate informal rules of engagement, alleviate uncertainty, and bolster global security.